httz/src/main.zig

const std = @import("std");
const mem = std.mem;
const net = std.net;
const http = std.http;
const heap = std.heap;

const App = Listener(Router);

pub fn main() !void {
    var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
    defer _ = gpa.deinit();
    const allocator = gpa.allocator();

    var router = Router.init(allocator, &handle, &handleError);
    defer router.deinit();

    try router.addRoute("/", &handle);

    const address = try net.Address.parseIp("0.0.0.0", 8080);
    var listener = App.init(.{
        .address = address,
        .allocator = allocator,
        .context = router,
        .handler = router.handle,
    });
    defer listener.deinit();
    try listener.listen();
}

pub fn handle(_: *Router, event: *App.Event) anyerror!void {
    try event.res.body.appendSlice("hello there");
}

pub fn handleError(_: Router, event: *App.Event) anyerror!void {
    try event.res.body.appendSlice("ahoy, an error occurred");
}

pub fn Listener(comptime Context: type) type {
    return struct {
        address: net.Address,
        arena: heap.ArenaAllocator,
        ctx: *Context,
        handlerFn: HandlerFn,

        pub const Options = struct {
            address: net.Address,
            allocator: mem.Allocator,
            context: *Context,
            handler: HandlerFn,
        };

        pub fn init(options: Options) Listener {
            return .{
                .address = options.address,
                .arena = heap.ArenaAllocator.init(options.allocator),
                .ctx = options.context,
                .handlerFn = options.handler,
            };
        }

        pub fn deinit(self: *Listener) void {
            self.arena.deinit();
        }

        pub fn listen(self: *Listener) !void {
            var tcp = try self.address.listen(.{});
            defer tcp.deinit();
            std.debug.print("listening at: {any}\n", .{self.address});

            while (true) {
                const read_buf = try self.arena.allocator().alloc(u8, 1024 * 32);
                const connection = try tcp.accept();
                var server = http.Server.init(connection, read_buf);
                try self.handle(&server);
                _ = self.arena.reset(.retain_capacity);
            }
        }

        fn handle(self: *Listener, server: *http.Server) !void {
            handler: while (true) {
                var req = server.receiveHead() catch |e| if (e == error.HttpConnectionClosing) break :handler else return e;

                var event = Event{
                    .req = .{
                        .uri = try std.Uri.parseWithoutScheme(req.head.target),
                        .headers = std.ArrayList(*const http.Header).init(self.arena.allocator()),
                    },
                    .res = .{
                        .status = .ok,
                        .headers = std.StringHashMap(*http.Header).init(self.arena.allocator()),
                        .body = std.ArrayList(u8).init(self.arena.allocator()),
                    },
                };

                var header_it = req.iterateHeaders();
                while (header_it.next()) |header| try event.req.headers.append(&header);

                try self.handlerFn(self.ctx, &event);

                try self.respondFromEvent(&event, &req);
            }
        }

        fn respondFromEvent(self: *Listener, event: *Event, req: *http.Server.Request) !void {
            const res_body = try event.res.body.toOwnedSlice();
            const res_headers = try self.arena.allocator().alloc(http.Header, event.res.headers.count());
            var i: usize = 0;
            var header_it = event.res.headers.iterator();
            while (header_it.next()) |header_ptr| : (i += 1) res_headers[i] = header_ptr.value_ptr.*.*;
            try req.respond(res_body, .{
                .status = event.res.status,
                .extra_headers = res_headers,
            });
        }

        pub const Event = struct {
            req: Request,
            res: Response,

            pub const Request = struct {
                uri: std.Uri,
                // head: http.Server.Request.Head,
                headers: std.ArrayList(*const http.Header),
            };
            pub const Response = struct {
                status: http.Status,
                headers: std.StringHashMap(*http.Header),
                body: std.ArrayList(u8),
            };
        };

        pub const HandlerFn = *const fn (ctx: *Context, event: *Event) anyerror!void;
    };
}

pub const Router = struct {
    allocator: mem.Allocator,

    root_node: Node,
    static_routes: std.StringHashMap(*Node),

    error_handler: HandlerFn,

    pub fn init(allocator: mem.Allocator, root_handler: HandlerFn, error_handler: HandlerFn) Router {
        return .{
            .allocator = allocator,
            .root_node = .{
                .type = .normal,
                .max_depth = 64,
                .children = std.StringHashMap(*Node).init(allocator),
                .handler = root_handler,
                .placeholder_children = std.ArrayList(*Node).init(allocator),
            },
            .static_routes = std.StringHashMap(*Node).init(allocator),
            .error_handler = error_handler,
        };
    }

    pub fn deinit(self: *Router) void {
        self.static_routes.deinit();
    }

    pub fn handle(self: *Router, event: *Listener.Event) anyerror!void {
        try self.route(event.req.uri.path)(self, event);
    }

    pub fn addRoute(self: *Router, path: []const u8, handler: HandlerFn) !void {
        try self.addStaticRoute(path, handler);
    }

    fn addStaticRoute(self: *Router, path: []const u8, handler: HandlerFn) !void {
        try self.static_routes.put(path, .{
            .type = .normal,
            .max_depth = 1,
            .children = std.StringHashMap(*Node).init(self.allocator),
            .handler = handler,
            .placeholder_children = std.ArrayList(*Node).init(self.allocator),
        });
    }

    pub fn route(self: *Router, path: []const u8) HandlerFn {
        if (self.static_routes.get(path)) |rt| return rt.handler;
        if (self.root_node.wildcard_child_node) |node| return node.handler;
        return self.error_handler;
    }

    pub const Node = struct {
        type: Type,
        max_depth: usize, // TODO: what is best here
        parent: ?*Node = null,
        children: std.StringHashMap(*Node),
        handler: HandlerFn,
        wildcard_child_node: ?*Node = null,
        placeholder_children: std.ArrayList(*Node),

        pub const Type = enum { normal, wildcard, placeholder };
    };

    pub const HandlerFn = *const fn (self: *Router, event: *App.Event) anyerror!void;
};